The Context, Meaning, and Scope of Tourism

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Nội dung

1. IELTS Reading The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism
- 1.1 Bài đọc The Context, Meaning, and Scope of Tourism
- 1.2 Questions
2. The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism Reading answers
3. The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism with explanations

1. IELTS Reading The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism

1.1 Bài đọc The Context, Meaning, and Scope of Tourism

A – The history of travel

Travel has existed since the beginning of time, when primitive man set out, often traversing great distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his survival. Throughout the course of history, people have travelled for purposes of trade, religious conviction, economic gain, war, migration and other equally compelling motivations. In the Roman era, wealthy aristocrats and high government officials also travelled for pleasure. Seaside resorts located at Pompeii and Herculaneum afforded citizens the opportunity to escape to their vacation villas in order to avoid the summer heat of Rome. Travel, except during the Dark Ages, has continued to grow and, throughout recorded history, has played a vital role in the development of civilisations and their economies.

B – The development of mass tourism

Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation. The creation of the commercial airline industry following the Second World War and the subsequent development of the jet aircraft in the 1950s signalled the rapid growth and expansion of international travel. This growth led to the development of a major new industry: tourism. In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world governments since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also produced a means of earning foreign exchange.

C – Economic and social significance of tourism

Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. In most industrialised countries over the past few years the fastest growth has been seen in the area of services. One of the largest segments of the service industry, although largely unrecognised as an entity in some of these countries, is travel and tourism. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), “travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax contributions”. In 1992,the industry’s gross output was estimated to be $3.5 trillion, over 12 percent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest employer with almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 per cent of all employees. This industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 percent of the world’s national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion in direct, indirect and personal taxes each year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and, because of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment, on society itself.

D – Difficulty in recognising the economic effects of tourism

However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. The travel industry includes: hotels, motels and other types of accommodation; restaurants and other food services; transportation services and facilities; amusements, attractions and other leisure facilities; gift shops and a large number of other enterprises. Since many of these businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated. In addition, Meis (1992) points out that the tourism industry involves concepts that have remained amorphous to both analysts and decision makers. Moreover, in all nations this problem has made it difficult for the industry to develop any type of reliable or credible tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes to regional, national and global economies. However, the nature of this very diversity makes travel and tourism ideal vehicles for economic development in a wide variety of countries, regions or communities.

E – The world impact of tourism

Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalised way of life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990) suggest that tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many nations and, for a significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third. For example, tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most Caribbean countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. However, because of problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent of world-wide tourism participation or its economic impact. In many cases, similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism.

Lời giải kèm giải thích chi tiết The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism IELTS Reading

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1.2 Questions

Questions 1-4

Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs, A-E.

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.

1. Paragraph B

2. Paragraph C

3. Paragraph D

4. Paragraph E

List of Headings

i. Economic and social significance of tourism
ii. The development of mass tourism
iii. Travel for the wealthy
iv. Earning foreign exchange through tourism
v. Difficulty in recognising the economic effects of tourism
vi. The contribution of air travel to tourism
vii.The world impact of tourism
viii. The history of travel

Questions 5-10

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

TRUE – if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE – if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN – if there is no information on this

The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry.
Tourism contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product.
Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation.
Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.
Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas.
It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies.

Question 11-13

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.

In Greece, tourism is the most important ………….
The travel and tourism industry in Jamaica is the major …………
The problems associated with measuring international tourism are often reflected in the measurement of ………

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2. The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism Reading answers

Questions	Answer key
1	ii
2	i
3	v
4	vii
5	True
6	Not given
7	Not Given
8	True
9	Not Given
10	False
11	source of income/ industry
12	employer
13	domestic tourism

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3. The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism with explanations

Questions 1-4: List of headings

Question 1:

Đáp án: ii

Loại câu hỏi: Matching Heading

Vị trí đáp án: Paragraph B

Giải thích đáp án:
Paragraph B đề cập: “Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon.” Dựa vào những dòng này, một lượng lớn người đã bắt đầu đến các địa điểm du lịch, biến nó thành một hiện tượng phổ biến. Du lịch đại chúng xuất hiện vào thế kỷ 20 và tiếp tục mở rộng trong thế kỷ 21. Do đó, đáp án là: ii (The development of mass tourism).

Question 2:

Đáp án: i

Loại câu hỏi: Matching Heading

Vị trí đáp án: Paragraph C

Giải thích đáp án:
Paragraph C đề cập: “Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance.” Câu mở đầu nêu ý chính của cả đoạn văn, chỉ ra rằng du lịch đã trở nên quan trọng hơn trong nền kinh tế, chiếm 6% tổng sản phẩm quốc nội toàn cầu. Hơn nữa, du lịch còn tăng cường ý nghĩa xã hội bằng cách mang lại lợi ích giáo dục cho cộng đồng. Ngoài ra, du lịch là ngành sử dụng lao động lớn nhất, đóng góp không chỉ cho nền kinh tế mà còn cho xã hội nói chung. Do đó, đáp án là: i (Economic and social significance of tourism).

Question 3:

Đáp án: v

Loại câu hỏi: Matching Heading

Vị trí đáp án: Paragraph D

Giải thích đáp án:
Paragraph D nêu rõ: “However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact is the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself.” Những dòng này đề cập đến các thách thức kinh tế trong ngành du lịch, bắt nguồn từ tính đa dạng và phân mảnh của ngành, khiến việc thu thập dữ liệu chính xác trở nên khó khăn. Điều này làm cho các tác động kinh tế của du lịch bị che khuất. Vì vậy, đáp án là: v (Difficulty in recognizing the economic effects of tourism).

Question 4:

Đáp án: vii

Loại câu hỏi: Matching Heading

Vị trí đáp án: Paragraph E, dòng 2

Giải thích đáp án:
Chúng ta có thể tìm thấy đáp án trong dòng thứ hai của Paragraph E, nơi tác giả viết: “In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990) suggest that tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many nations and, for a significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third.” Những dòng này gợi ý rằng du lịch đã trở thành động lực hàng đầu thúc đẩy nền kinh tế của các quốc gia, đồng thời để lại ảnh hưởng toàn cầu đáng kể trên nhiều nước. Do đó, đáp án là: vii (The world impact of tourism).