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1. Alexander Henderson IELTS Reading
1.1 Reading passage
Born in Scotland, Henderson emigrated to Canada in 1855 and became a well-known landscape photographer
A. Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant. His grandfather, also called Alexander, had founded the family business, and later became the first chairman of the National Bank of Scotland. The family had extensive landholdings in Scotland. Besides its residence in Edinburgh, it owned Press Estate, 650 acres of farmland about 35 miles southeast of the city. The family often stayed at Press Castle, the large mansion on the northern edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.
B. Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855, however, he emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson and they settled in Montreal. Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857 and quickly took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the Scottish-Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as chairman of the association’s first meeting, which was held in Notman’s studio on 11 January 1860.
C. In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different. While Notman’s landscapes were noted for their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images, showing the strong influence of the British landscape tradition. His artistic and technical progress was rapid and in 1865 he published his first major collection of landscape photographs. The publication had limited circulation (only seven copies have ever been found), and was called Canadian Views and Studies. The contents of each copy vary significantly and have proved a useful source for evaluating Henderson’s early work.
D. In 1866, he gave up his business to open a photographic studio, advertising himself as a portrait and landscape photographer. From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. His numerous photographs of city life revealed in street scenes, houses, and markets are alive with human activity, and although his favourite subject was landscape he usually composed his scenes around such human pursuits as farming the land, cutting ice on a river, or sailing down a woodland stream. There was sufficient demand for these types of scenes and others he took depicting the lumber trade, steamboats and waterfalls to enable him to make a living. There was little competing hobby or amateur photography before the late 1880s because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of the equipment. People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts, and catering to this market, Henderson had stock photographs on display at his studio for mounting, framing, or inclusion in albums.
E. Henderson frequently exhibited his photographs in Montreal and abroad, in London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, New York, and Philadelphia. He met with greater success in 1877 and 1878 in New York when he won first prizes in the exhibition held by E and HT Anthony and Company for landscapes using the Lambertype process. In 1878 his work won second prize at the world exhibition in Paris.
F. In the 1870s and 1880s Henderson travelled widely throughout Quebec and Ontario, in Canada, documenting the major cities of the two provinces and many of the villages in Quebec. He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche, du Lievre, and other noted eastern rivers. He went on several occasions to the Maritimes and in 1872 he sailed by yacht along the lower north shore of the St Lawrence River. That same year, while in the lower St Lawrence River region, he took some photographs of the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax. Commissions from other railways followed. In 1876 he photographed bridges on the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway between Montreal and Ottawa. In 1885 he went west along the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia, where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.
G. In 1892 Henderson accepted a full-time position with the CPR as manager of a photographic department which he was to set up and administer. His duties included spending four months in the field each year. That summer he made his second trip west, photographing extensively along the railway line as far as Victoria. He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.
H. When Henderson died in 1913, his huge collection of glass negatives was stored in the basement of his house. Today collections of his work are held at the National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, and the McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montreal.
>>> Xem thêm: Learning By Examples IELTS Reading with explanation
1.2 Questions
Questions 1–8
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1–8 on your answer sheet, write:
TRUE – if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE – if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN – if there is no information on this
- Henderson rarely visited the area around Press estate when he was younger.
- Henderson pursued a business career because it was what his family wanted.
- Henderson and Notman were surprised by the results of their 1865 experiment.
- There were many similarities between Henderson’s early landscapes and those of Notman.
- The studio that Henderson opened in 1866 was close to his home.
- Henderson gave up portraiture so that he could focus on taking photographs of scenery.
- When Henderson began work for the Intercolonial Railway, the Montreal to Halifax line had been finished.
- Henderson’s last work as a photographer was with the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Questions 9–13
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 9–13 on your answer sheet.
Alexander Henderson
Early life
Was born in Scotland in 1831 – father was a 9 __________
Trained as an accountant, emigrated to Canada in 1855
Start of a photographic career
Opened up a photographic studio in 1866
Took photos of city life, but preferred landscape photography
People bought Henderson’s photos because photography took up considerable time and the 10 __________ was heavy
The photographs Henderson sold were 11 __________ or souvenirs
Travelling as a professional photographer
Travelled widely in Quebec and Ontario in 1870s and 1880s
Took many trips along eastern rivers in a 12 __________
Worked for Canadian railways between 1875 and 1897
Worked for CPR in 1885 and photographed the 13 __________ and the railway at Rogers Pass
2. Alexander Henderson Reading Answers
Dưới đây là bảng thể hiện rõ ràng câu hỏi và đáp án tương ứng:
| Question | Answer |
| 1 | FALSE |
| 2 | TRUE |
| 3 | NOT GIVEN |
| 4 | FALSE |
| 5 | NOT GIVEN |
| 6 | TRUE |
| 7 | FALSE |
| 8 | TRUE |
| 9 | merchant |
| 10 | equipment |
| 11 | gifts |
| 12 | canoe |
| 13 | mountains |
>>> Xem thêm: The Flavor of Pleasure – Official Cambridge Guide to IELTS Test 2 Passage 1
3. Alexander Henderson Explanation
Question 1
Đáp án: FALSE
Vị trí: Đoạn 1, dòng 4
Giải thích: Bài đọc cho biết Henderson đã dành phần lớn thời niên thiếu để khám phá khu vực quanh khu đất Press, thường chơi ở bãi biển hoặc câu cá gần đó. Do đó, khẳng định rằng ông hiếm khi đến khu vực này là không đúng.
Question 2
Đáp án: TRUE
Vị trí: Đoạn 2, dòng 2–3
Giải thích: Mặc dù Henderson không thật sự hứng thú với công việc kinh doanh, ông vẫn tiếp tục theo đuổi nó để làm vừa lòng gia đình. Điều này xác nhận rằng ông chọn nghề theo mong muốn của người thân.
Question 3
Đáp án: NOT GIVEN
Vị trí: Đoạn 3, dòng 3–4
Giải thích: Bài có đề cập đến việc Henderson và Notman hợp tác trong một số thử nghiệm với ánh sáng nhân tạo, nhưng không có thông tin nào nói rằng họ bất ngờ với kết quả của các thử nghiệm đó.
Question 4
Đáp án: FALSE
Vị trí: Đoạn 4, dòng 1
Giải thích: Mặc dù Henderson và Notman là bạn thân, bài viết chỉ rõ rằng phong cách chụp ảnh của họ không giống nhau. Do đó, câu nói về “nhiều điểm tương đồng” là sai.
Question 5
Đáp án: NOT GIVEN
Vị trí: Đoạn 4, dòng 1
Giải thích: Văn bản đề cập đến việc Henderson mở một studio nhiếp ảnh sau khi nghỉ kinh doanh, nhưng không hề nói studio này có gần nhà ông hay không. Không đủ thông tin để xác định.
Question 6
Đáp án: TRUE
Vị trí: Đoạn 7, dòng 1
Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ rằng Henderson từ bỏ việc chụp ảnh chân dung để chuyên tâm vào việc chụp ảnh phong cảnh, điều này đồng nhất với câu hỏi trong bài.
Question 7
Đáp án: FALSE
Vị trí: Đoạn 7, dòng 6
Giải thích: Bài đọc chỉ ra rằng khi Henderson bắt đầu làm việc cho Đường sắt liên sắc, tuyến từ Montreal đến Halifax vẫn chưa hoàn thành, điều này trái ngược với thông tin trong câu hỏi.
Question 8
Đáp án: TRUE
Vị trí: Đoạn 8, dòng 1
Giải thích: Câu hỏi chỉ ra rằng công việc cuối cùng của Henderson với tư cách nhiếp ảnh gia là làm việc với Đường sắt Đại Tây Dương Canada. Điều này hoàn toàn đúng với thông tin trong bài.
Question 9
Đáp án: merchant
Vị trí: “Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant.”
Giải thích: Dựa vào thông tin trong bài, từ “merchant” (thương gia) là một danh từ thích hợp để điền vào chỗ trống.
Question 10
Đáp án: equipment
Vị trí: Đoạn 5, dòng 8, 9
Giải thích: Trong đoạn này, từ “equipment” phù hợp với ngữ cảnh của câu, nơi mà Henderson cần dụng cụ chụp ảnh nặng và phức tạp.
Question 11
Đáp án: gifts
Vị trí: Đoạn 5, dòng 3, 4
Giải thích: Từ “gifts” là từ thích hợp để điền vào chỗ trống vì nó phù hợp với cấu trúc song song trong câu.
Question 12
Đáp án: canoe
Vị trí: Đoạn 7, dòng 3
Giải thích: Câu mô tả các chuyến đi dọc sông phía đông bằng phương tiện “canoe” (thuyền mũi nhọn) là phù hợp với ngữ cảnh.
Question 13
Đáp án: mountains
Vị trí: Đoạn 7, dòng 1–3 (từ dưới đếm lên)
Giải thích: Từ “mountains” là từ phù hợp, theo ngữ cảnh của câu nói về việc Henderson chụp ảnh núi và đường sắt ở Rogers Pass, nơi các dãy núi hiểm trở và hùng vĩ là một phần quan trọng trong các bức ảnh của ông, phản ánh đặc trưng của khu vực này.
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